CONDITIONALS
Видеоурок об условных предложениях 2-го типа Unreal Present
Видеоурок Present Perfect vs Past Simple
Сравнительные конструкции (Types of Comparisons)
Прилагательные и наречия употребляются в следующих сравнительные конструкциях:
a) as … (positive degree) … as - такой же … как / так же … как
e.g. The boy is as tall as my brother . He runs as fast as you do.
Is it as good as you expected ? She speaks French as well as the rest of us.
1)You can put ‘nearly’,’almost’, or ‘just’ in front of “as …. as”
~London is nearly as expensive as Tokyo.
~In summer,in Tokyo just as hot as the desert.
2) You can put ‘twice’,’ three times’,’ half’ in front of “as …. as”
twice as large as; three times as large as; twice as fast as ; twice as fast
Аналогично переводится конструкция с существительными size,length,depth,number
Your room is three times as larger as mine. Ваша комната в 3 р больше моей He is twice as old as I am.= He is twice my age. Он вдвое старше меня.
That lake twice as deep.= That lake twice its depth. То озеро в два раза глубже.
Japan’s car exports are twice as high as Btitain’s.
Rice-growing is only half as important as it used to be.
Сочетания half as large (half the size), half as fast, one third as fast.
В русском языке соответствуют сочетания в два раза меньше, в два раза
медленее, в три раза медленнее, т.е. сочетания со сравнительной
степенью обратного по значению прилагательного или наречия.
Your room is half as large as mine. Ваша комната в 2 р больше моей.
Your room is half the size of mine.
This substance dissolves half as fast (one third as fast) at lower temperature.
Это вещество растворяется при более низких температурах в 2/3 раза медленее.
b) с not so … (positive degree)…. as / not as … (positive degree)… as-
не такой …. как / не так …. как ( в отриц. пр)
This structure is more common than less than in informal English.
e.g. This room is not so light as that one.(that room) …не такая светлая как..
New streets are usually not so(as) narrow as old streets.
She does not know Moscow so (as) well as we do.
He’s not as/so successful as his sister
Note! ! !: 1. Сочетание as well as может быть сочинительным союзом так же как.
e.g. The teachers as well as the students took part in the conference.
Преподаватели так же, как студенты приняли участие в конференции.
2.Сочетания as simple (short,soon …)as possible переводятся :
как можно проще (короче, скорее … и т.д.)
e.g. The letter must be sent off as soon as possible. Письмо д.б. как можно короче.
3.Сочетания “as+прилагательное или наречие+ as+указание колич-ва”
переводится вплоть до+цифры; словом целых перед цифрой;
at a speed as great (high) as 900km per hour-со скоростью (вплоть) до 900 км/ час
to weigh as much as 200 tons -весить целых 200 тонн
с) We use comparative+ ‘and’+ comparative to say that smth increases or decreases.
~The weather is getting colder and colder.
~Things are becoming more and more expensive all the time.
d) We use ‘the’+ comparative clause, ‘the’+ comparative clause to say that two things change together or that one thing depends on another thing.
~The smaller a car is, the easier it is to park.
~The colder the weather, the higher my heating bills are.
e) Special Points. Усилительные конструкции.
1.‘very’ + (positive degree of adj / adv). He is very practical.
‘most’ + (positive degree of adj / adv) He is most practical.
~It was most kind of you to lend me the money.
2.‘even’,’(very)much’,’far’,’rather’(=very much),’a (little)bit’, ’a little’,’a great deal’,’slightly’, + adj/adv of com.degree.
very much taller; a lot more important; a little cheaper;
a bit more expensive; rather cold; far more interesting;
Даже / гораздо / значительно / чуточку / намного
It’s even/ much/far/a bit hotter than it was on Monday.
a great deal more important–значительно важнее;a bit more difficult-чуть медленнее; Thise way is much longer than that one. …значительно длиннее…
~far better – намного лучше ; Exercise 5 is much more difficult than exercise 3. (намного труднее) He speaks English much better than his brother.(гораздо лучше)
This year we’ve had (by) far less rain than we did last year. (значи-но меньше)
This exercise is a great (good) deal easier than the last one.(намного легче)
Сочетания гораздо (значительно) больше, обозначающее “гораздо большее
количество” , переводится на англ. яз. сочетанием much more перед
неисчисляемыми существительными и many more перед исчисляемыми
существительными.
He has much more work than you have. У него гораздо больше работы,чем у вас.
There are many more new books in this library than in ours. В этой библиотеке значительно больше новых книг, чем в нашей.
f) Before superlatives we often use ‘by far’ or ‘easily’:
~by far the tallest/best гораздо / значительно выше/лучше всех
~easily the most intereting бесспорно/несомренно самый интересный
~He is easily the most popular author in the world.
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